Virginia's 2025 elk application overview

Thanks to Virginia’s exceptional conservation efforts, this marks the fourth consecutive year of elk hunting opportunities in the state. Over the past four seasons, hunters have achieved a 100% harvest success rate, taking some impressive bulls ranging from the mid-300”s to over 400”. This year, there will again be a total of six elk licenses available. Five will be randomly selected through the state's lottery draw while the sixth will be awarded through a raffle organized by a conservation group. More details on both options are provided below.

These special elk licenses are valid within the Elk Management Zone (EMZ) where elk populations, according to biologists with the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (VDWR), are steadily growing with plenty of room for further expansion. Although elk occasionally wander outside the EMZ, sightings in those areas are uncommon. Hunters who are not selected in the elk draw, but hold a valid deer license, may harvest a stray elk outside the EMZ if they encounter one. More details on this will be provided below.

Note: The application deadline for elk in Virginia is March 31, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. ET. You can apply online here.

State Information

Be sure to view important information about Virginia's state rules and regulations by going here. There, you will find details on rules/regulations, the draw system, tag and license fees, and an interactive boundary line map of the EMZ.

You can also access the Virginia EMZ map on GOHUNT Maps. Once you're in GOHUNT Maps, select the Library, then tap on Virginia, and finally tap on Hunt Units, then turn on the Elk Management Zone.

Important dates and information

Virginia hunting license fees

The only upfront cost is the nonrefundable elk application fee. Hunting licenses and elk licenses do not need to be purchased beforehand — only if you are successful in the draw. Costs are as follows:

* Hunting license and elk permit only need to be purchased if successful.

Harvest reports

Even for non-license holders, reporting must be completed through VDWR’s telephone reporting system or website.

Licensed hunters have another option in reporting their harvest through the department's Go Outdoors Virginia mobile phone app.

The Virginia elk draw

Virginia’s elk draw is completely random. Both resident and nonresident applications are pooled together and assigned a random number. The state starts with the first applicant and continues selecting until all available slots are filled. If you're lucky enough to be chosen, you’ll be notified and given 30 days to purchase your hunting license and elk permit. Those who are not selected will be placed on an alternate list, ranked by the order their applications were drawn. This list is used if any successful applicants fail to purchase their tag within the allotted time frame, which does happen from time to time. In fact, this is how a nonresident secured an elk license for the 2022 season. Over the past two years, a nonresident has been drawn through the regular lottery. The tag allocation between residents and nonresidents varies slightly, and I’ll explain that in more detail below:

A nonresident has the ability to draw up to one elk license. That might sound good, but let’s not forget that you are competing against all of the other resident applicants as well. These are tough odds, but there is a chance.

In this case, at least one elk license will be issued to a resident who lives within the designated EMZ. The rest are available to any and all residents.

Virginia elk hunting draw odds

In the 2024 season, the general lottery draw offered a total of five elk licenses, with 19,764 applicants taking the gamble. It's safe to assume that one license was reserved for an EMZ resident, leaving four licenses for the broader pool and, as you can see, there was once again, a nonresident selected from the masses. Below are the odds from the 2024 elk draw.

This is now the second year in a row with a decrease in total applications. Numbers are down a total of 4,714 applications from 2023; which was down 7,469 from 2022. Although there was such a big drop, they still had pretty steep odds for the 2024 draw.

Party applications

Youth opportunities

Whether you're a resident or nonresident, youth applicants are treated the same as adults in the elk drawing. There are no special elk licenses reserved for youth. Everyone has an equal chance. If a youth applicant is selected, they qualify for a discounted hunting license ($8.50 for residents and $16 for nonresidents), but the elk license remains at the full price ($40 for residents and $400 for nonresidents).

2025 Virginia elk draw and season

For the 2025 draw, there will be five licenses available through the state's random lottery. This is the second year in a row where there was a drastic decrease in applications; however, with minimal tags available, the odds are still fairly rough. That being said, this still remains one of the best chances for $15 to $20.

Additionally, there will be a sixth elk license up for grabs, which will be raffled off by a conservation organization. This license is completely separate from the lottery draw. Hunters who apply for the general random lottery can also buy a raffle ticket for a shot at this sixth license, with no residency restrictions. The last two years, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (RMEF) has raffled the sixth tag off, and it has been won by nonresidents.

The hunting season is short, running from Oct. 11 to 17, but based on past success rates, that's all the time you'll likely need. All successful license holders must review and acknowledge the elk hunting guidelines before starting their hunt, which will be included in the elk hunter orientation materials.

It’s important to note that all elk licenses are for bull elk only, as there are currently no opportunities for hunting antlerless elk.

Conservation raffle license

For the past few years, the RMEF has raffled off these tags, raising significant funds for conservation efforts in Virginia. The proceeds from the raffle go directly to the wildlife management areas of the EMZ, supporting habitat improvements and strengthening the elk population. It’s safe to assume that RMEF will be the conservation group offering the 2025 permit again, so keep an eye out for those raffle tickets. Whether you apply for the general lottery draw or not, you're eligible to buy a raffle ticket. If you think nonresidents have little chance of hunting a Virginia bull elk, the raffle tag might be your best shot. 

VDWR will award this sixth elk license to a conservation organization no later than May 1, 2025. Steps on how and where to purchase a raffle ticket for this elk license will follow.

Elk Management Zone

The Elk Management Zone has a rich and storied history, originally part of the native elk range dating back to 1855. Today, it covers Buchanan, Wise, and Dickenson counties, where the elk population is thriving once again. Since elk were reintroduced to the area in 2012, the effort has seen remarkable success. Starting with just 75 elk, the herd now numbers around 275. Within the EMZ, over 17,000 acres are accessible to successful license holders, thanks to the collaboration between landowners and the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources. Additional details, including information on private landowners partnering with VDWR, will be shared with license holders after the draw.

Opportunities outside the EMZ

Hunters who possess a Virginia deer tag or are license exempt can harvest elk in counties outside the EMZ. These hunters must adhere to deer season regulations, including hunting dates and weapon restrictions, with the exception that elk (both bull and cow) can be taken on any day during the open deer season. The bag limit for elk outside the EMZ is one per day. While this may seem like a great opportunity, it's important to note that very few elk live outside the EMZ, so hunting conditions can be challenging if you're specifically targeting elk.