New Or Noteworthy For This Year

The Colorado Draw System

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Colorado's Mule Deer Breakdown

The Points System

Colorado's 2025 mule deer application overview

If you are interested in some of the best mule deer hunts that the West has to offer, then Colorado should be on your radar. Regardless of weapon type or season, the potential to find something spectacular is always there. The application deadline for all Colorado species is 8:00 p.m. MT on April 1, 2025. Colorado is a fairly easy state to apply in. You will have to create an online account if you have not previously done so. Or you can call 1-800-244-5613 for help getting an account.

Note: The application deadline for all Colorado species is 8:00 p.m. MT on April 1, 2025. You can apply online here.

Insider Features

Hunt Planner

To aid in your research and planning efforts, we have a tool called Hunt Planner. This product will help you be more efficient at planning for hunts and also keeps all your research data organized. No more notepads getting lost or headaches when trying to remember what units caught your eye during your research! Everything you need is always in one place at GOHUNT.

What can you do in Hunt Planner?

Point Tracker

Your GOHUNT Insider account also has the Point Tracker feature. This allows you to enter the number of points you have for each state and species and, as you research through Filtering and Draw Odds, your point total will automatically be highlighted.

State Information

To view important information and an overview of Colorado’s rules/regulations, the draw system and preference points, tag and license fees and an interactive boundary line map, check out our State Profile. You can also view the Species Profiles to access historical and statistical data to help you find trophy units.

Important dates and information

Note: Be aware that some units may have slightly different dates. Review the CPW brochure for details of the hunts you plan to apply for.

Be sure to check out this great article linked below that walks through the season date changes and how they might impact your application decisions moving forward.

*Deer license cost will only be charged if you are successful in the draw.

Understanding the draw

Unless there is an insufficient number of resident applications, nonresident hunters shall receive no more than 25% of available deer, elk, bear and antelope licenses for hunt codes requiring fewer than six preference points for resident hunters to draw in the regular drawing and no more than 20% of available deer, elk, bear and antelope licenses for hunt codes requiring six or more preference points for resident hunters to draw in the regular drawing as calculated using a rolling three-year average for the previous three limited license draws with a one year lag.

Point system

Colorado utilizes a true preference point system to allocate deer licenses. This means that the applicants with the most preference points who apply for any given hunt will draw the licenses. There is no random draw for licenses. There are also no over-the-counter mule deer licenses in Colorado.

Applicants will gain one preference point for every year they apply for a hunt and are unsuccessful in drawing their first choice. If applicants want to build preference points only, they can use the preference point only code as their first choice. Applicants can draw a hunt as a second, third or fourth choice and still build a preference point for that year. You cannot build more than one preference point per year. If you draw your first hunt choice, your preference points will be purged. If you fail to apply for a species or have not purchased a license for 10 consecutive years, then all accumulated preference points for that species will be purged.

Deer preference point only code: D-P-999-99-P

Hunt choices

Colorado allows applicants to select up to four hunt choices for deer. Colorado considers every applicant's first choice before moving to subsequent choices. In essence, in order to draw a license as a second choice, there must be a surplus of permits after every applicant's first choice is considered and so on and so forth throughout the other choices. As previously stated, you may be able to draw some hunts as a second choice while using the preference point code as your first choice. This would allow you to build a point for future years and also draw the second choice hunt. 

You can explore the odds of drawing as a second choice within your Insider account. Simply change the “choice” filter from first to second and you can see all hunt odds of drawing as a second choice.

Group applications

Group applications of any number are accepted for deer. Residents and nonresidents can apply together. When a resident and nonresident apply together on a group application, the nonresident license comes out of the nonresident quota for that hunt. One person must be the group leader and all applications in that group are linked together with that group leader’s CID number. Every member of the group must apply for the same hunt at each choice. The group application will go into the draw with the lowest number of preference points of any single member of the group. This means that if a group of three apply and they have one, seven and 12 points, the application will go into the draw with one point. CPW will not over-allocate licenses to cover a group application if there are not enough licenses left. For example, if there were two licenses left and an application for a group of three was selected, they would reject that application and move to the next applicant.

Second drawing

Licenses remaining after the primary drawing will be available in a secondary drawing. The secondary drawing is open to anyone — whether they applied in the primary drawing or not. Applicants must have purchased a qualifying license to apply for the secondary draw. The secondary draw does not use preference points and you cannot apply for preference points. The secondary drawing is a random draw.

The timeframe to apply in the second drawing is June 19 to 30, 2025 at 8 p.m. MT. Youth ages 12 to 17 receive priority for all licenses that make it to the second draw. Draw results for the secondary drawing will be available on July 7. The surrender deadline for the secondary drawing is July 9.

Returned, leftover, and reissued licenses

Colorado allows applicants who have drawn a license to return it if they do not want it. There will be a timeframe after the draw where applicants can refuse the license and have their points restored to the pre-draw level. Applicants can also choose to pay for the license and return it at a later date as long as it’s done at least 30 days prior to the hunt. In this case, they can choose to receive a refund for the cost of the license or have their preference points reinstated to a pre-draw level. Note: If you have your points reinstated, you will not receive a point for that year's application.

Any returned or leftover licenses after the secondary draw will be reissued via a first come, first served process starting on Aug. 5 at 9 a.m. MT. The leftover list will be made available in late July. Beyond Aug. 5, every Tuesday at 11:00 a.m., all reissued licenses will be placed on a list and published on the CPW website for customers to review. The following day, Wednesday at 11:00 a.m., those licenses will be sold on a first come, first served basis. Reissued licenses can be purchased online or in-person at CPW offices or other license agents.

The seasons

Colorado offers a mule deer season for pretty much any hunter’s preference. From late season middle-of-the-rut rifle hunts to high country September archery hunts — and pretty much everything in-between. As well as adding quite a few first season rifle deer hunts. 

The September archery seasons offer the first opportunity to hunt for a buck. Many of these permits are either-sex, making them a great choice for first-time archers looking to fill a tag. In many units, deer will be found at higher elevations—often above timberline—throughout most of the season. However, be aware that there will typically be a significant number of OTC elk hunters in the field during this time. Additionally, muzzleloader and early rifle hunters are likely to be in the area, especially in units that offer those seasons. Archery seasons provide a great way to access some of the better units with fewer points.

The muzzleloader seasons take place in mid-September, around the time when bucks are beginning to shed their velvet. In most units, they are still found at higher elevations, though a few units may have resident deer in lower sage and pinion/juniper areas. These seasons overlap with both the archery deer and elk seasons, so certain areas may experience higher crowding.

If you're considering early rifle seasons, 2025 is your year! Due to the way the calendar aligns and the scheduling of these seasons, you'll be hunting in most units a week before the muzzleloader hunters and just a few days after the archery season begins. These are typically high country, backpack-style hunts in early September when deer are still following their summer patterns — and you'll have a rifle in hand. With limited permits, favorable season dates and changes to the nonresident tag allocation, we expect these seasons to be more prone to point creep. As a result, they may require one or two more points to draw compared to the previous year. The first rifle seasons that they have slated for the 2025 season might be something to look into. The season runs right in the middle of October which is, by far, the most difficult time of year to hunt mule deer due to moon phases and already being pushed around during muzzleloader seasons. However, it is still worth looking into if a backpack-style hunt is what you are after. You get first crack at those bucks before they completely leave the high country.

The second and third rifle seasons offer excellent hunting opportunities. The second season has become a tougher hunt in recent years. Despite decent weather, rut activity has been lackluster and, while harvest numbers remain steady, older age-class deer have either been scarce or not showing up during this time. The third season, on the other hand, remains a fantastic hunt as the rut kicks into full gear and bucks are active throughout the day. In the top units across the state, there are plenty of bucks, but mature, older deer tend to be rare.

The coveted fourth rifle season has traditionally fallen around Thanksgiving in recent years, offering an excellent hunting experience. This year, it takes place the week before, but it will still coincide with impressive rut activity. Keep in mind, however, that many seasons and hunters will have already harvested deer by the time this season arrives. Despite that, the fourth rifle season remains one of the most incredible opportunities to hunt mule deer in Colorado.

Snowpack and drought in Colorado

2025

2024

2023

2022

2021

There is no doubt that some big changes have been made and are still to come to this great mule deer state. Wolves have been — and will continue to be — transplanted into various parts of the western slope. Time will tell what impact that will have on wildlife across the landscape. Colorado changed the nonresident cap from up to 35% of permits down to up to 25% of permits for the majority of the hunts, and this has impacted the number of points required to draw some permits. There are committees formed and discussions happening about changing the point system — and, as you can tell, they decided to remove most of the OTC elk tags. The five-year season structure was updated this year and it starts in 2025. There will be a lot of changes for the better in Colorado in the coming years. 

Even so, Colorado is still one of the best states to hunt mule deer and still a must-apply state. Even with one of the lowest overall populations recorded in recent history, it still holds plenty of mule deer and offers more opportunities to hunt them than almost any other state in the West. 

In 2020, Colorado moved all of their rifle seasons later into the year, giving all rifle seasons some rut activity for the most part. Third and, more particularly, fourth rifle season landed in the peak of the rut. It was a great time to be in the field; however, with bucks being more prone to harvest, the upper age classes have taken a hit. Your top-tier units with very limited tags are still producing great deer and should continue to do so. The mid- to lower-tier units that most of us chose to hunt just don’t have the number of mature bucks that they did only a few years ago. There will always be a great buck in pretty much any unit in Colorado — the rugged remote terrain and vegetation will always allow for it — but there’s just not as many surviving through the rut hunts. 

Colorado, in my opinion, is still the king of mule deer. It’s a state where I try to find myself chasing deer every fall. There is ample opportunity and there’s always a chance you're in the right place at the right time to find a world-class buck.

Point creep

In 2024, Colorado implemented some changes to the percentage of tags that they offer to nonresidents for some hunts. Going from up to 35% of permits to down to 25% of permits, we saw an increase in point creep for a lot of those hunts. It’s more important this year than ever to understand how and why point creep happens.

Point creep is the single biggest point of confusion for most applicants. Simply explained: point creep occurs when the number of tags available doesn't meet the demand — AKA the number of applicants each year. Thus, the point value that it takes to draw the license keeps creeping upward. This is an issue primarily in true preference point states like Colorado where the applicants with the most points who apply for any given hunt are guaranteed the licenses. In addition, applicants who have been banking points or applying for other hunts can decide to apply for another hunt that requires fewer points and draw a permit that was available previously at a lower point total.

Prior to applying, I cannot stress enough the importance of looking at the detailed draw odds pages for the hunts you are interested in. These pages can be found for each hunt by visiting the “draw odds” page, selecting Colorado, mule deer and your residency. That will show you the odds for every hunt offered in the state for all weapon types. You can further filter on the right side of the page for the weapon or season you are looking for. You can also filter by the odds: 0% to 100%. After you have scanned the hunts and selected some that you are interested in, you can click on the individual hunt on the unit number on the left portion of the page. 

Deer population

Colorado’s deer population has been relatively stable over the past 15 years, but in 2022, we saw it drop to the second lowest population in recent history. The total statewide estimate in the most recent data set is 375,710 in 2023, which is down from 391,921 compared to 2022. For quick reference, we have included the 2023 estimated population and buck:doe ratios, which is the most recent published estimate to date.

DAU is a combination of one or more Game Management Units that represent a relatively discrete herd. 2023 data is used since the 2024 data is not available at the time of publishing this article.

Hit list units for Colorado mule deer in 2025

How to uncover hidden gem units

Hidden gems can mean different things to different hunters. For some, it’s an opportunity they hadn’t discovered while, for others, it might be an underrated unit that consistently produces high quality animals — or perhaps a combination of both.

No matter how you define it, the tools in your Insider account can help you uncover these hidden gems. To get started, consider the archery, muzzleloader and new first rifle seasons, which often allow you to hunt the same deer as those sought after, hard-to-draw rifle seasons, but with far fewer points. This also gives you more chances to hunt, allowing you to become familiar with specific areas. Additionally, some hunts available as a second choice present excellent opportunities that many hunters may not even realize exist.

Your GOHUNT Insider account covers every opportunity and there are hundreds of other hunts that can be drawn with very few points. We also include population estimates and buck-to-doe ratios within this article above. Between those and Filtering, standalone draw odds and the Unit Profiles, you can put together a hunt that will work for the number of points you have. Historically, some of the biggest bucks in the state are harvested from low point draw units and bigger bucks will always persist in those types of units; however, the number of those bucks is fewer than it has been. Even so, our advice would be to hunt Colorado mule deer as often as possible. The law of averages is currently most likely the best strategy for Colorado. For example, if you hunt deer there five times in 15 years, you are more likely to kill a great buck than you are if you hunt one time in 15 years. 

Utilize GOHUNT's standalone Draw Odds, trophy filters, unit profiles and the information in this article to find those tucked away hidden gems. 

2025 maximum preference points for deer: 36

Managing points and expectations

Keep in mind that most of the land east of I-25 is private. Obtaining landowner permission prior to applying is highly recommended. Applicants should review the detailed draw odds pages and generally consider hunts that could have been drawn at a point or two points less than what has been available at your current level.

I have 0 deer points. What can I expect?

Zero points: Most hunts available at the zero point level tend to be that way for a few reasons. It's usually due to the number of tags issued, a restrictive weapon requirement like archery or muzzleloader or private land issues that limit public access. However, there are still some great opportunities at the zero point level. Start by considering the archery, muzzleloader or some of the new first rifle seasons as these are often early enough for deer to be in higher elevations where public land is more accessible. Some second rifle seasons also offer liberal tag numbers and can be drawn with zero points though you'll need to be prepared for increased hunting pressure.

The other option is to build a preference point by using the preference point code as a first choice and applying for a license that can likely to be drawn as a second choice. By changing the “choice” filter within the standalone draw odds page, you can see the odds of drawing every hunt as a second choice. This strategy will allow you to draw a license and hunt while still building a preference point for future use.

Preference point only code as a first choice D-P-999-99-P.

I have 1 to 3 points. What can I expect? 

There are many options within this point range and it’s worth considering burning deer points in Colorado within this point range, getting back into the draw again and hunting more often.

I have 4 to 8 points. What can I expect? 

There are numerous options within this point range, and we highly recommend applicants consider using their deer points in Colorado. Doing so will allow you to re-enter the draw and increase your chances of hunting more frequently.

I have 8 to 12 points. What can I expect?

With this many points accumulated, you have plenty of great options to consider. Don't overlook the hunts listed in the tables above or feel like you're wasting points on them. The tables below highlight some of the best hunts available within this point range.

I have 13+ points. What can I expect?

For applicants with 13 or more points, you're likely aiming for some of the top hunts in the state. Many of these hunts, such as Unit 44 (fourth rifle, for example), can take decades of point-building to secure. Given all the changes happening in Colorado, it might be worth considering using your points now, as the future is uncertain. Overall, Colorado remains a fantastic destination for deer hunting and is a must apply state for any mule deer enthusiast. Best of luck in the draw!

Never lose track of units you want to further research

Can help decide what unit to apply for or what order to place your units when applying on a state's website

Annual licenses (valid March 1 to 31): 

• Annual resident and nonresident small game

• Annual resident combination small game/fishing

• Annual resident senior combination small game/fishing

Resident and nonresident spring turkey (over-the-counter (OTC) turkey licenses on sale March 1)

Resident and nonresident fall turkey (valid for the secondary draw only)

Resident veteran lifetime combination small game/fishing

Resident first responder lifetime combination small game/fishing

Annual small game license for resident 

Senior lifetime fishing license holders